Modest weight gain during pregnancy might be a sign for autism risk among
newborns, new research suggests.
Investigators took pains to stress that it is not weight gain itself that is
being tagged as a cause of autism. Nor do the current findings reflect in any
way on how pre-pregnancy weight might affect the future offspring of
mothers-to-be.
Instead, the study team believes that a small rise in weight occurring while
pregnant might be an indication that some broad and complex process -- perhaps
involving hormone and inflammation irregularities -- is underway, of which
weight gain is a reflection.
If so, then weight gain during pregnancy might serve as an easily
recognizable marker for a constellation of events that collectively increase the
risk for autism.
"Although weight gain during pregnancy was associated with autism risk, the
modest difference in weight gain found suggests that weight gain serves as a
marker rather than a cause for autism," said study lead author Dr. Deborah
Bilder, a pediatrician and assistant professor in the department of psychiatry
at the University of Utah, in Salt Lake City.
"As a marker, it would share an underlying cause with autism, such as hormone
imbalance or inflammation," Bilder added.
The study was published online Oct. 28 and in the November print issue of the
journal Pediatrics.
The authors said that, unlike in the past, autism is no longer deemed to be a
rare disorder, with estimates suggesting that some form of autism affects about
one in 88 children in the United States.
Autism spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental disabilities that can range
from mild to more severe. Children with autism display social problems,
communication difficulties, and restricted and repetitive patterns of
behavior.
For their study, the team focused on two groups of children with autism in
Utah.
The first group included 128 children, while the second included 288
children. Maternal weight-gain patterns during pregnancy were analyzed in both
groups. The first group's results were stacked up against those of nearly 11,000
mothers of healthy children of a similar age and gender. The second group's
results were compared against maternal weight gains leading up to the birth of
each autistic child's healthy siblings.
Small increases in weight -- in 5-pound increments -- while pregnant were
linked to a slightly higher but significant risk for autism among the offspring.
By contrast, body-mass index (a measurement of body fat based on height and
weight) at the start of pregnancy was not associated with a higher risk for
autism.
There was an average difference of only about 3 pounds in weight gain when
comparing mothers of children with and without autism, the study found.
Bilder reiterated that when it comes to autism risk, weight gain during
pregnancy should not be seen as the culprit but rather the canary in the coal
mine. She cautioned against any dietary changes based on the findings.
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